| 800–814 | Charlemagne | Carolingians |
| 875–877 | Charles the Bald | Carolingians |
| 901–905 | Louis the Blind | Macedonian dynasty |
| 915–924 | Berengar I of Italy | Carolingians |
| 962–973 | Otto I the Great | Ottonians |
| 973–983 | Otto II | Ottonians |
| 996–1002 | Otto III | Ottonians |
| 1014–1024 | Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor | Ottonians |
| 1027–1039 | Conrad II | Salians |
| 1046–1056 | Henry III | Salians |
| 1084–1106 | Henry IV | Salians |
| 1111–1125 | Henry V | Salians |
| 1155–1190 | Frederick Barbarossa | Hohenstaufen |
| 1191–1197 | Henry VI | Hohenstaufen |
| 1209–1218 | Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor | Welf |
| 1220–1250 | Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor | Hohenstaufen |
| 1312–1313 | Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor | Luxembourg |
| 1328–1347 | Louis IV of Bavaria | Wittelsbach |
| 1355–1378 | Charles IV | Luxembourg |
| 1433–1437 | Sigismund | Luxembourg |
| 1452–1493 | Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor | Habsburg |
| 1508–1519 | Maximilian I | Habsburg |
| 1519–1556 | Charles V | Habsburg |
| 1556–1564 | Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor | Habsburg |
| 1564–1576 | Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor | Habsburg |
| 1576–1612 | Emperor Rudolf II | Habsburg |
| 1612–1619 | Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor | Habsburg |
| 1619–1637 | Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor | Habsburg |
| 1637–1657 | Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor | Habsburg |
| 1658–1705 | Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor | Habsburg |
| 1705–1711 | Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor | Habsburg |
| 1711–1740 | Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor | Habsburg |
| 1742–1745 | Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor | Wittelsbach |
| 1745–1765 | Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor | Lorraine |
| 1765–1790 | Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor | Habsburg-Lorraine |
| 1790–1792 | Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor | Habsburg-Lorraine |
| 1792–1806 | Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor | Habsburg-Lorraine |